![]() While we can get the maximum or minimum depth of field by working at each end of the aperture range, sometimes we want a more intermediate level of depth of field, limiting focus to a specific range of distances within the overall photograph. One way to do this is to choose a mid-range f/stop, like f/5.6, and shoot a test frame. In image playback, use the magnifying function of the LCD to zoom in and check the depth of field make adjustments if necessary and reshoot. When choosing lenses for landscape photography, we usually want to see as much detail as possible from foreground to background we want to achieve the maximum depth of field by choosing a small aperture (higher f/stop, like f/8 or f/11). This helps direct the viewer's attention to the subject. Aperture for Portraitsįor classic portraiture we separate our subject from the surroundings by using "selective focus." Choosing a large aperture (lower f/stop, like f2.8) creates very shallow depth of field with only the subject, or just a portion of the subject, in focus. You can change between them.Now that we know how to control depth of field, what determines the choices we make in selecting the aperture? We use focus and depth of field to direct attention to what is important in the photograph, and we use lack of focus to minimize distractions that cannot be eliminated from the composition. While there are no rules, there are some guidelines for selecting Aperture priority. The shutter speed can be adjusted to be faster or slower. Your camera will be set to show either full plus half, or full plus third stops. Shutter speed refers to how long the cameras sensor is exposed to light when you take a photo. Modern cameras have amazing stabilization modes. Keep the ISO as low as possible to avoid noise, unless you have a reason to raise it. If your camera or lens can correct up to 4 stops, the minimum shutter speed of 1/100 sec will become something like 1/8 sec with a 50mm lens. ![]() This can help you separate your subject from the background. ![]() Use a large aperture value, like f/2.8 or f/4 to get a shallow depth-of-field. That's because there are stops that fall exactly half way between the benchmark full stops, and there are also stops that fall exactly a third and two thirds of the way between the benchmark full stops. Key Points To Remember About Exposure, Aperture, ISO & Shutter Speed. But you may find that your camera picks an aperture like f7.1, or a shutter speed of 1/160th. The benchmark stops are the ones mentioned so far in the book. Or you could change the shutter speed by 1 full stop and the ISO by 1 full stop. Or the ISO by 2 full stops larger ISO 100 < ISO 200 < ISO 400. So, to keep the same exposure, you would need to change the shutter speed by 2 full stops larger, eg. If the camera picked f5.6 but you want f11, that's 2 full stops smaller. Knowing this allows you to compensate accurately. So 1 stop on the aperture scale corresponds to 1 stop on the shutter speed scale. Each stop lets in the same amount of light. The gap between these measures of aperture, shutter speed and ISO is important, and it's called a "stop".įrom f4 to f5.6 is 1 stop. Do you remember the list of aperture f-stops? And shutter speeds and ISOs? f4, f5.6, f8 1/60th, 1/125th, 1/250th 100, 200, 400?
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